Abstract
Nano emulsions (NEs) have important prospective advantages for assured industrials applications especially Metalworking fluids (MWFs), due to their Nano size, stability, than other types of traditional emulsions. In this work paraffin oil, water and mixture of surfactants Span20 & Tween20 are utilized for preparation of the MWF. A quadratic model was developed by applying the response surface method (RSM) to relate the droplets size and emulsion stability as a response to five independent variables namely the speed and time of mixing, concentration of the surfactant, Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB) value and pH value. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted; the results confirm the high significance of the regression model. The predicted values were found to be satisfactory with that experimental value. Mixing speed exerted the highest effect on the droplet size and the stability of the emulsion. The optimum conditions were found be (the concentration = 4.75 wt.%, time of mixing = 18.12 min, speed of mixing 14998.93 rpm, pH = 10.01 and HLB = 10.87) to attained Nano emulsion with 2 nm in size and stability of 24 days. Tool wear and surface roughness were studied at different speed, the results have showed that the wear ratio of the bits for all selected speeds is as follow: using commercial fluid > MWFs. The metallurgical microscope images have showed that, in case using MWFs the surface of cracks between the metals and the tool is more smooth compare with other fluids
Highlights
Metalworking Fluids (MWF) is the most important industrial application of oil in water emulsions that are used in the operation of the metal process
The quadratic model equations of droplet size and stability were obtained by applying the Design Expert Software
The Central Composite Design (CCD) method was applied to develop a quadratic model for the droplet size and stability of the emulsion
Summary
Metalworking Fluids (MWF) is the most important industrial application of oil in water emulsions that are used in the operation of the metal process. The Nanoemulsion has been used in many applications especially metalwork fluids, due to their high stability more economically and safety than other types of traditional emulsions [1,2]. An important property for the emulsion during storage is stability, which indicates the ability of emulsions to change their properties with time [5]. There are many studies dealing with the preparation conditions of the emulsions, among them Prinderre (1997) who studied the effect of factorial design methods to decrease the number and time of the different steps required to formulate and estimate stable emulsions [7]. There are many studies dealing with the preparation conditions of the emulsions, among them Prinderre (1997) who studied the effect of factorial design methods to decrease the number and time of the different steps required to formulate and estimate stable emulsions [7]. (Tadros et al, 2004) studied the formation and stability of an emulsion produced by using the emulsion inversion point method, and concluded that more stable
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