Optimizing Energy Usage and Smoothing Load Profile via a Home Energy Management Strategy with Vehicle-to-Home and Energy Storage System

Abstract

This study investigates an energy utilization optimization strategy in a smart home for charging electric vehicles (EVs) with/without a vehicle-to-home (V2H) and/or household energy storage system (HESS) to improve household energy utilization, smooth the load profile, and reduce electricity bills. The proposed strategy detects EV arrival and departure time, establishes the priority order between EV and HESS during charge and discharge, and ensures that the EV battery state of energy at the departure time is sufficient for its travel distance. It also ensures that the EV and HESS are charged when electricity prices are low and discharged in peak hours to reduce net electricity expenditure. The proposed strategy operates in different modes to control the energy amount flowing from the grid to EV and/or HESS and the energy amount drawn from the HESS and/or EV to feed the demand to maintain the load curve level within the average limits of the daily load curve. Four different scenarios are presented to investigate the role of HESS and EV technology in reducing electricity bills and smoothing the load curve in the smart house. The results demonstrate that the proposed strategy effectively reduces electricity costs by 12%, 15%, 14%, and 17% in scenarios A, B, C, and D, respectively, and smooths the load profile. Transferring valley electricity by V2H can reduce the electricity costs better than HESS, whereas HESS is better than EV at flattening the load curve. Transferring valley electricity through both V2H and HESS gives better results in reducing electricity costs and smoothing the load curve than transferring valley electricity by HESS or V2H alone.