Abstract
Nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) are two promising technologies for the wireless fifth generation (5G) networks and beyond. On the one hand, UAVs can be deployed as flying base stations to build line-of-sight (LoS) communication links to two ground users (GUs) and to improve the performance of conventional terrestrial cellular networks. On the other hand, NOMA enables the share of an orthogonal resource to multiple users simultaneously, thus improving the spectral efficiency and supporting massive connectivities. This paper presents two protocols, namely, cloud-based central station- (CCS-) based power-splitting protocol (PSR) and time-switching protocol (TSR), for simultaneous wireless information and power transmission (SWIPT) at UAV employed in power domain NOMA-based multitier heterogeneous cloud radio access network (H-CRAN) of Internet of Things (IoT) system. The system model with k types of UAVs and two users in which the CCS manages the entire H-CRAN and operates as a central unit in the cloud is proposed in our work. Closed-form expressions of throughput and energy efficiency (EE) for UAVs are derived. In particular, the EE is determined for the impacts of power allocation at CCS, various UAV types, and channel environment. The simulation results show that the performance for CCS-based PSR outperforms that for CCS-based TSR for the impacts of power allocation at the CCS. On the contrary, the TSR protocol has a higher EE than the PSR in the cases of the impact of various UAV types and channel environment. The analytic results match Monte Carlo simulations.
Highlights
Nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been recognized as one of the emerging technologies for the fifth generation (5G) network and beyond in the last decade [1,2,3,4,5]
The main contributions of this paper are summarized as follows: (i) A novel system model is proposed in this work which consists of one cloud-based central station (CCS) and k types of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and operates based on cooperative nonorthogonal multiple access (C-NOMA) scheme (ii) An employment of two simultaneous wireless information and power transmission (SWIPT)-based energy harvesting (EH) and information processing (IP) protocols, namely, cloudbased central station- (CCS-)based power-splitting-based relaying (PSR) and CCS-based time-switching protocol (TSR), is exploited at the relaying node in this model (iii) Closed-form expressions of throughput and EE are derived for the SWIPT NOMA system model (iv) Impacts of power allocation, UAV types, and channel environment are investigated to realize the change of performance metric in the SWIPT NOMA heterogeneous cloud radio access network (H-CRAN)
Two CCS-based PSR and CCS-based TSR protocols for EH and IP in cooperative SWIPT H-CRAN NOMA systems applied in Internet of Things (IoT) networks were presented in this paper
Summary
Nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been recognized as one of the emerging technologies for the fifth generation (5G) network and beyond in the last decade [1,2,3,4,5]. (i) A novel system model is proposed in this work which consists of one cloud-based central station (CCS) and k types of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and operates based on cooperative nonorthogonal multiple access (C-NOMA) scheme (ii) An employment of two SWIPT-based EH and IP protocols, namely, CCS-based PSR and CCS-based TSR, is exploited at the relaying node in this model (iii) Closed-form expressions of throughput and EE are derived for the SWIPT NOMA system model (iv) Impacts of power allocation, UAV types, and channel environment are investigated to realize the change of performance metric in the SWIPT NOMA H-CRAN (v) The simulation results show that the EE of PSR is higher than that of TSR under different power allocation conditions at CCS.
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