Optimizing energy consumption in smart buildings: A model for efficient energy management and renewable integration

Abstract

In the current landscape of sustainable energy, integrating photovoltaic (PV) generation and electric vehicles (EVs) into household energy management systems (EMSs) has become a pivotal strategy to enhance grid sustainability in residential areas and provide economic benefits to homeowners. This article introduces an innovative approach to an energy administration framework designed for intelligent households, to seamlessly integrate EVs, both with and without PV generation. The proposed plan meticulously optimizes residential electricity expenses. It standardizes the load gradient using Time-of-Use (TOU) cost, residential electricity use fluctuations, PV generation patterns, and specific variables of EVs, including entry and exit times and charging statuses. The management method is divided into two distinct phases based on charging constraints and initial charge status. Stage A comprises three operational states contingent upon the availability of PV generation, while Stage B involves five operational states predicted based on anticipated PV generation. Through this research, the advanced control strategy facilitates precise adjustment of energy absorption by EVs from the grid and/or PV generation, along with injected energy derived from EVs to the grid. It ensures minimal residential electricity expenses and synchronizes the electrical load profiles. The findings indicate a significant reduction in residential electricity expenses and a substantial normalization of power load characteristics. Furthermore, simulation results emphasize the superior performance of the proposed plan for intelligent households fitted with both EVs and PV generation, compared to households with EVs alone, in terms of lowering expenses and normalizing load scenarios.