Abstract
Experiments were conducted in commercial apple orchards to determine if improved efficiencies in pheromone delivery may be realized by using aerosol pheromone dispensers for codling moth (CM), Cydia pomonella L., mating disruption. Specifically, we tested how reducing: pheromone concentration, period of dispenser operation, and frequency of pheromone emission from aerosol dispensers affected orientational disruption of male CM to pheromone-baited monitoring traps. Isomate® CM MIST formulated with 50% less codlemone (3.5mg/ emission) provided orientation disruption equal to the standard commercial formulation (7mg / emission). Decreased periods of dispenser operation (3 and 6h) and frequency of pheromone emission (30 and 60min) provided a level of orientational disruption similar to the current standard protocol of releasing pheromone over a 12h period on a 15mincycle, respectively. These three modifications provide a means of substantially reducing the amount of pheromone necessary for CM disruption. The savings accompanying pheromone conservation could lead to increased adoption of CM mating disruption and, moreover, provide an opportunity for achieving higher levels of disruption by increasing dispenser densities.
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