Abstract
The growing global concern with environmental issues has raised the interest in the research into natural biopolymers as a coagulant aid in order to reduce the use of inorganic coagulants. This paper investigated the feasibility of sesbania seed gum (SSG) as a plant-based coagulant aid and ferric chloride as a coagulant in drinking water treatment. Acid extraction method marked the highest and most promising extraction yield at 20.8%, as compared to other extraction methods. Further, the SSG extracted carried a weak negative charge of −3.02 mV, which is classified as a near neutral coagulant aid. Hydroxyl and carboxyl functional groups, which aid in coagulation–flocculation, were found in the SSG. These physiochemical analyses results evinced good characteristics of SSG as a coagulant aid. On the other hand, response surface methodology (RSM) with three-factor Box–Behnken design (BBD) was employed to evaluate and optimize the reaction condition of the coagulation–flocculation process in drinking water treatment. A quadratic polynomial model was fitted to the data with a high value of R2 (0.9901). Model validation experiments revealed the good correspondence between actual and predicted values. In drinking water treatment, a promising 98.3% turbidity reduction was achieved with 10.2 mg/L of FeCl3 and 4.52 mg/L of SSG. Therefore, SSG exhibited potential as a coagulant aid in drinking water treatment.
Highlights
The coagulation–flocculation treatment system has been widely used to remove pollutants in the water
Biopolymers extracted from plants, animals, and microbes were found to be emerging alternative coagulant aids that reduce the use of existing inorganic coagulants [8]
The aim of this research was to investigate the feasibility of using sesbania seed gum (SSG) as a coagulant aid in drinking water treatment
Summary
The coagulation–flocculation treatment system has been widely used to remove pollutants in the water. Biopolymers extracted from plants, animals, and microbes were found to be emerging alternative coagulant aids that reduce the use of existing inorganic coagulants [8]. These biopolymers exhibited intrinsic properties that have the flocculating ability. In 2017, Cactus opuntia was first studied as a coagulant aid with aluminum sulfate as coagulant for the urban wastewater treatment, and 93.65% of turbidity was achieved [14]. Rice starch was used as plant-based coagulant aid for drinking water treatment [13]. The aim of this research was to investigate the feasibility of using sesbania seed gum (SSG) as a coagulant aid in drinking water treatment. The treatment of drinking water was evaluated through the design of experiment (DOE) to determine the behavior of SSG in the treatment process, as well as to understand the mechanism during the water treatment process
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