Abstract
The low system inertia and the high sensitivity to load and generation fluctuations represent the main challenges for future ambitious plans of modern power systems accompanied by high penetrations levels of the renewable energy sources (RESs). Therefore, this article presents a new approach for solving the load frequency control (LFC) in addition to the virtual inertia control (VIC) in interconnected RESs penetrated power systems using cooperative tilt-based controllers and a hybrid modified particle swarm optimization with genetic algorithm (MPSOGA). The VIC system is adopted using superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) to provide sufficient inertial energy for system stability. Two tilt-based controllers are employed in each area using the tilt-integral-derivative (TID) controller for the SMES and TID with filter (TIDF) for the LFC function. The cooperative optimum design of the TID/TIDF controllers leads to the enhancement of frequency stability in studied two-area power systems. The formulated optimization process aims to minimize the frequency nadir settling time during abrupt changes of RESs and/or load changes, considering the cooperative control of LFC and VIC. The proposed approach has been applied to a case study consisting of two-area power systems, connected via hybrid high voltage DC/AC (hybrid HVAC/HVDC) tie-line, integrated with distributed conventional generations, photovoltaic (PV), and wind generation systems. Performance analysis has been conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method is compared to the genetic algorithm (GA) and particle-swarm optimization (PSO) using high fluctuations of renewable generations under extreme changes in loading conditions and physical parameters variation. The obtained results show the superiority of MPSOGA approach on the other competitive optimization techniques.
Highlights
Promising strategic policies have been world-widely set for the expansion of using renewable energy sources (RESs) to compensate the continuously increasing population and theThe associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Manoj Datta .growing energy demands [1], [2]
The present study considers that the selected order for the Oustaloup method (M = 5) with the frequency range in ω ∈ [ ωfbl, ωfbu] in range between [ −1000, 1000] rad/s
It is clear that the coordinated load frequency control (LFC) based-TID with filter (TIDF) controller and virtual inertia control (VIC) based-TID superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) systems using the proposed modified particle swarm optimization with genetic algorithm (MPSOGA) algorithm can provide a satisfactory performance in restoring the system frequency against different disturbances, especially at the instants of connection/disconnection of PV generation
Summary
Promising strategic policies have been world-widely set for the expansion of using renewable energy sources (RESs) to compensate the continuously increasing population and the. In the selected case study, there are two-area electrical power system (area a) and (area b), which are connected via a hybrid HVAC/HVDC tie-line, and four different controllers that need to be optimized for enhancing the rendering of the interconnected power system. The regulation includes any sudden changes for frequency deviations in area a ( fa) and area b ( fb) in addition to the deviations in tie-line power between the two-area ( Ptie,eq), which includes the HVAC tie-line power ( Ptie,ac) and the HVDC tie-line power ( Ptie,dc) This cooperative optimization has the ability to find the suboptimal solutions for the whole cooperative system under different cases of disturbances with an increased penetration level of RESs. III. We present the main components and their corresponding mathematical representation for the selected case study
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