Optimized Strain Response in (Co0.5Nb0.5)4+-Doped 76Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-24SrTiO3 Relaxors

Abstract

High strain with low hysteresis is crucial for commercial applications in high precision actuators. However, the clear conflict between the high strain and low hysteresis in BNT-based ceramics has long been an obstacle to actual precise actuating or positioning applications. To obtain piezoceramics with high strain and low hysteresis, it is necessary to enhance the electrostrictive effect and develop an ergodic relaxor (ER) and nonergodic relaxor (NR) phase boundary under ambient conditions. In this work, (Co0.5Nb0.5)4+ doped 76Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-24SrTiO3 (BNST24) relaxors were fabricated using the conventional solid state reaction route. X-ray diffraction patterns revealed the B-site substitution in BNST24 ceramics. By adjusting the (Co0.5Nb0.5)4+ doping in BNST24, we effectively tuned the TNR-ER and Td close to ambient temperature, which contributed to the development of the ergodic relaxor phase and enhanced the electrostrictive effect at ambient temperature. The I-P-E loops and bipolar strain curves verified the gradual evolution from NR to ER states, while the enhanced electrostrictive effect was verified by the nearly linear S-P2 curves and improved electrostrictive coefficient of the BNST24-xCN relaxors. An enhanced strain of 0.34% (d*33 = 483 pm/V) with low hysteresis of 8.9% was simultaneously achieved in the BNST24-0.02CN relaxors. The enhanced strain was mainly attributed to the proximity effect at the ER and NR phase boundary of BNST24-0.02CN, while the improved electrostrictive effect contributed to the reduced strain hysteresis. Our work demonstrates an effective strategy for balancing the paradox of high strain and low hysteresis in piezoceramics.