Abstract
This paper elaborates the sample preparation protocols required to obtain optimal domain patterns using the Bitter method, focusing on the extra steps compared to standard metallographic sample preparation procedures. The paper proposes a novel bespoke rig for dynamic domain imaging with in situ BH (magnetic hysteresis) measurements and elaborates the protocols for the sensor preparation and the use of the rig to ensure accurate BH measurement. The protocols for static and ordinary dynamic domain imaging (without in situ BH measurements) are also presented. The reported method takes advantage of the convenience and high sensitivity of the traditional Bitter method and enables in situ BH measurement without interrupting or interfering with the domain wall movement processes. This facilitates establishing a direct and quantitative link between the domain wall movement processes–microstructural feature interactions in ferritic steels with their BH loops. This method is anticipated to become a useful tool for the fundamental study of microstructure–magnetic property relationships in steels and to help interpret the electromagnetic sensor signals for non-destructive evaluation of steel microstructures.
Highlights
A variety of electromagnetic (EM) sensors have been developed or commercialized for evaluating and monitoring microstructure, mechanical properties or creep damage in ferritic steels during industrial processing, heat treatment or service exposure[1,2]
This paper proposes a novel bespoke rig for dynamic domain imaging using the Bitter method with in situ BH measurements
Owing to the good quality of polishing, there are no signs of random distortion of domain patterns due to subsurface damage caused by grinding; and the results show a strong link to the microstructure
Summary
A variety of electromagnetic (EM) sensors have been developed or commercialized for evaluating and monitoring microstructure, mechanical properties or creep damage in ferritic steels during industrial processing, heat treatment or service exposure[1,2]. The reported method takes advantage of the convenience and high sensitivity of the traditional Bitter method and enables in situ BH measurement without interrupting or interfering with the domain wall movement processes This facilitates establishing a direct and quantitative link between the domain wall movement processes-microstructural feature interactions in ferritic steels with their BH loops. This method is anticipated to become a useful tool for the fundamental study of microstructure-magnetic property relationships in steels and to help interpretation of electromagnetic sensor signals for non-destructive evaluation of steel microstructures
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