Abstract
Basic oxygen furnace (BOF) steelmaking is widely used in the metallurgy field. The slagging reaction is a necessary process that oxidizes C, Mn, Si, P, S, and other impurities and therefore directly affects the quality of the resultant steel. Relevant research has suggested that intensifying the stirring effect can accelerate the slagging reaction and that the dynamic characteristics of the top blow are the key factor in exploring the related complex physical and chemical phenomena. To address the issue, the standard k-ω turbulence model and level-set method were adopted in the present work and a fluid dynamics model was developed for a BOF. Accordingly, the slag–metal–gas emulsion interaction and stirring effect were investigated, and the interference mechanism of a multi-nozzle supersonic coherent jet was revealed. Finally, a self-adjustment method based on fuzzy control is proposed for the oxygen lance. The results indicate that the transfer efficiency of jet kinetic energy at the gas–liquid interface is the critical factor for the slagging reaction and that multi-nozzle oxygen lances with a certain twisted angle have important advantages with respect to stirring effects and splashing inhibition. The fuzzy control method predicts that the optimal nozzle twist angle is within the range of 7.2° to 7.8°. The results presented herein can provide theoretical support and beneficial reference information for BOF steelmaking.
Highlights
Basic oxygen furnace (BOF) steelmaking is a complex physical and chemical process used in the metallurgy and smelting fields (Figure 1)
Most of the kinetic energy is lost at the two-phase interface
The results suggest that the nozzle-twisted lance intensifies the local swirling in molten steel and reduces the splashing of molten steel, which improves the efficiency of kinetic energy transfer and has substantial application prospects for steelmaking
Summary
Basic oxygen furnace (BOF) steelmaking is a complex physical and chemical process used in the metallurgy and smelting fields (Figure 1). Elucidating the evolution mechanism of the multiphase interface and optimizing the oxygen top-blown process would be highly beneficial in accelerating the slagging reaction In this context, a modified multi-nozzle oxygen lance with a twist angle ( known as a nozzle-twisted lance) has been proposed and has attracted extensive attention in the industry because it can induce a considerable tangential velocity component [8] and intensify stirring effects [9,10]. A solution to the stirring effect during the slagging reaction and optimization of design scheme for the multi-nozzle oxygen lance are key scientific objectives of this paper. To advance these goals, this research was conducted as follows.
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