Abstract

The CO2 laser based fabrication of tapered long period gratings (TLPGs) is optimized so that their transmission spectra are comparable with those made using the arc-discharge technique, which typically exhibits transmission losses below 2 dB. The reduction in transmission loss was achieved by optimizing the micro-taper geometry and the duty-cycle of the device. A 6-period TLPG of period 378 μm exhibited a pass-band transmission loss of 0.6 dB, resonance band extinction values of 3 dB and had a physical length of 2.27 mm. The average refractive index sensitivity of a 6 period TPLG was measured and found to be 372 nm/RI.

Highlights

  • O PTICAL fiber long period gratings (LPGs) were developed as devices for optical communications [1], where they have been used as band rejection filters, gain equalizers and wavelength tuning elements in fiber lasers [2]

  • The aim of this work is to develop the CO2 laser-based fabrication of Tapered long period gratings (TLPGs) so that their spectral characteristics are comparable with those produced using an electric arc as the heat source

  • In this paper, expanding on work first reported at the 25th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference, OFS-25 [19], we describe the improvements achieved by optimizing the micro-taper geometry and grating duty-cycle, so allowing insertion losses below ∼2 dB to be realized

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Summary

Introduction

O PTICAL fiber long period gratings (LPGs) were developed as devices for optical communications [1], where they have been used as band rejection filters, gain equalizers and wavelength tuning elements in fiber lasers [2]. They have found many applications in the field of sensing [3], [4], where they have been for gas sensing [5], as biosensors [6] and for the detection of water contamination [7]. One of the key advantages of such thermally induced gratings is their ability to retain their spectral properties at higher temperatures, as compared to UV written gratings, which

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