Abstract
Individual nitrogen vacancy (NV) color centers in diamond are versatile, spin-based quantum sensors. Coherently controlling the spin of NV centers using microwaves in a typical frequency range between 2.5 and 3.5 GHz is necessary for sensing applications. In this work, we present a stripline-based, planar, -shaped microwave antenna that enables one to reliably manipulate NV spins. We found an optimal antenna design using finite integral simulations. We fabricated our antennas on low-cost, transparent glass substrate. We created highly uniform microwave fields in areas of roughly 400 × 400 μm2 while realizing high Rabi frequencies of up to 10 MHz in an ensemble of NV centers.
Highlights
Nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond each consist of a substitutional nitrogen atom and an adjacent lattice vacancy
We investigate MW antenna designs compatible with confocal and atomic force microscopy (AFM) based sensing applications with nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers (Figure 1a) [13,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41]
We evaluated the magnetic field amplitude at the center of the antenna’s aperture at a distance of 10 nm below the diamond sample’s top surface, which corresponds to the approximate depth of shallow NV centers
Summary
Nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond each consist of a substitutional nitrogen atom and an adjacent lattice vacancy. For AC magnetometry, the sensitivity depends on the coherence time T2 , which can be enhanced by employing dynamical decoupling protocols In such multipulse protocols, short, intense MW pulses are of interest to perform full pulse sequences within the potentially low coherence and dephasing times of NV centers. Short, intense MW pulses are of interest to perform full pulse sequences within the potentially low coherence and dephasing times of NV centers This demand for homogeneous, stable and intense MW fields motivated our work for an optimized MW antenna design for NV sensing. We investigate MW antenna designs compatible with confocal and atomic force microscopy (AFM) based sensing applications with NV centers (Figure 1a) [13,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41].
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