Abstract
A method involving Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) fiber combined with gas chromatography (GC) coupled with flame ionization detection (FID) and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed and optimized to investigate volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from different tissues (flowers, leaves, stems, rhizosphere and whole plants) of Floribunda and Hybrid Tea roses (intact and cut). Three-phase fiber 50/30 μm divinylbenzene/carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (DVB/CAR/PDMS) was used. Two types of chambers (Tedlar bag and glass jar) were evaluated for collection of VOCs and glass jar was selected. Absorbed compounds on the fiber were completely desorbed in the GC injector port at three desorption times (5, 10 and 15 min), and 5 min at 250?C was used. The maximum extraction efficiency for flowers tissues (equilibrium absorption) was achieved 2 h after fiber exposure in the headspace for intact and cut Floribunda and Hybrid Tea flowers. Under the optimized HS-SPME and GC-FID/MS conditions, 1h extraction time was chosen for intact and cut Floribunda and Hybrid Tea leaves and stems. The results demonstrated that 5 cm depth was selected for root and soil part (rhizosphere) for both rose cultivars, and 6 h and 12 h extraction time of VOCs from rhizosphere was achieved for Floribunda and Hybrid Tea, respectively. One hour was chosen for VOCs released from whole rose plants for both cultivars. In this study, the VOC profiles of two rose cultivars were characterized by the optimized HS-SPME-GC method. The different tissues of rose plants gave wide range of the VOCs; also the chromatograms of different cultivars were quite different and the specific VOC pattern of rose types depends on the species. Results from this study demonstrate the feasibility of this method for identifying VOCs from two rose cultivars and the potential use of this method for physiological studies on rose plants or on other floriculture plants.
Highlights
Roses (Rosa hybrida L.) are an important ornamental plant of the family Rosacea
There were no significant differences between the glass jar and Tedlar bag, so the jar was chosen because it was easier to use than the Tedlar bag, the Tedlar bag is not easy to clean as a jar and the Jar is good for capturing the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted (Figure 1)
The results clearly show that the Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-solid phase microextraction (SPME)) combined with gas chromatography (GC)-flame ionization detection (FID) can be reliably used to analyze VOCs from the rhizophere of rose plants, and that depth of extraction did not effect on total peak area
Summary
Roses (Rosa hybrida L.) are an important ornamental plant of the family Rosacea. Roses are the most important cut flower crop in the world, with Australia exporting about 6,720,221 stems with an approximate value of $3,743,000 in 2016. The main industrial application of roses comes from the perfume industry, which relies on different scented rose varieties [6] [7] [8] [9] [10]. Among these varieties are the Hybrid Tea rose and Floribunda rose cultivars, both of which are modern roses. Floribunda is the result of crossing hybrid tea with Polyantha [13]
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