Optimized Heart Failure Therapy and Complete Anemia Correction on Left-Ventricular Hypertrophy in Nondiabetic and Diabetic Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis

Abstract

Background: According to new guidelines, diabetes mellitus per se can be considered as stage I chronic heart failure (CHF). Available evidence suggests that patients suffering from both diabetes mellitus and renal insufficiency have disproportionately high rates of left-ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Methods: Optimized heart failure therapy, including β-blockers, ACE-inhibitors and AT II-type-1-receptor-blockers, was prescribed in combination with complete anemia correction using epoetin beta (target hemoglobin: 13.5 g/dl for women; 14.5 g/dl for men) to 230 patients (55% male) with ambulatory hemodialysis, including 60 patients (52% male) with diabetes. Echocardiographic follow-up examinations were performed over a mean period of 4.4 ± 1.2 years. Results: Mean hemoglobin levels at the study end significantly increased to target levels in the entire study population and in patients with diabetes (both p < 0.001). Compared with baseline, significant improvements were seen in hemodialysis patients – both without and with diabetes – in left-ventricular mass index (–28.8 g/m² [p < 0.001] and 29.0 g/m² [p < 0.005], respectively), left-ventricular ejection fraction (+7.0% [p < 0.001] and +8.3% [p < 0.01], respectively) and in NYHA class (–0.84 [p < 0.01] and –1.12 [p < 0.01], respectively). Similar to the results in the overall population, a highly significant reduction in LVH (p < 0.005) and significant improvements in LVEF (p < 0.01) and NYHA class (p < 0.01) were seen in the high-risk subgroup of diabetic patients. Conclusions: Patients undergoing hemodialysis, with or without concomitant diabetes, benefit considerably from optimized, multifactorial heart failure therapy combined with complete anemia correction.