Abstract
We study the placement of gateways in a low-power wide-area sensor network, when the gateways perform interference cancellation and when the model of the residual error of interference cancellation is proportional to the power of the packet being canceled. For the case of two sensor nodes sending packets that collide, by which we mean overlap in time, we deduce a symmetric two-crescent region wherein a gateway can decode both collided packets. For a large network of many sensors and multiple gateways, we propose two greedy algorithms to optimize the locations of the gateways. Simulation results show that the gateway placements by our algorithms achieve lower average contention, which means higher packet delivery ratio in the same conditions, than when gateways are naively placed, for several area distributions of sensors.
Highlights
The sensor nodes (SNs) in a low-power wide area network (LPWAN) are often required to be low cost and low energy, while the LPWAN should provide reliable communication and wide area coverage
We study the sensor network, in which the sensors have one-hop to the gateways (GWs), which is known as star network topology (Figure 1), and in particular, the preferred placements of the GWs, when the GWs are capable of interference cancellation (IC)
This paper provides a theoretical basis and a practical method to find the optimum location of
Summary
The sensor nodes (SNs) in a low-power wide area network (LPWAN) are often required to be low cost and low energy, while the LPWAN should provide reliable communication and wide area coverage. SNs cannot perform carrier-sensing, as in the carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) systems, and data transmissions by these nodes are completely uncoordinated This characteristic rules out the use of most existing MAC protocols such as IEEE 802.11 [9], B-Mac [10], S-Mac [11], and TSMP [12]. The direct motivation of this paper is coming from the Ph.D dissertation [8] of Firner, who aimed to maximize packet deliver ratio (PDR) of TO transmitters by optimizing the GW locations based on the capture effect in two-way collisions only. By proposing algorithmic approaches to place BSs optimally, the topological network lifetime of WSNs can be maximized deterministically, even when the initial energy provisioning for ANs is no longer always proportional to their average bit-stream rate.
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