Abstract

Fluorescent homogeneous detection is widely used in modern biomedical techniques for analysis and quantification of nucleic acids and proteins. This method is based on the ability of low-fluorescent dye to bind noncovalently with target biomolecule with significant increase of dye’s emission intensity. A wide range of probes for homogeneous detection developed during last decades are reviewed here. Series of cyanine dyes were developed for using in visualization of nucleic acids in living cells and detection of amplification products in real-time PCR. Besides, the cyanines, and triphenylmethane dyes that are able to detect certain nucleic acid structures (double stranded, triplex, and quadruplex DNA) and styrylcyanine dyes for two-photon excited fluorescent detection and imaging of DNA are described. Dyes applied for nonspecific proteins detection belong to different classes, among them are complexes of Ru2+, merocyanines, and trimethine cyanines. Moreover, cyanine dyes sensitive to amyloid β-pleated protein formations and albumin-specific squaraine dyes are discussed here.

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