Optimized Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction and Determination of Sorbic Acid and Benzoic Acid in Beverage Samples by Gas Chromatography

Abstract

A new rapid method for direct determination of trace levels of sorbic and benzoic acids was developed by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. In the proposed approach, the separation procedure of sorbic and benzoic acids was performed on a general chromatographic column without any prior derivatization processes. Some effective parameters on the microextraction recovery were studied and optimized utilizing multilevel factorial and central composite experimental designs. The best concurrent extraction efficiency acquired using ethanol and chloroform as dispersive and extraction solvents. Central composite design (CCD) resulted in the optimized values of microextraction parameters as follows: 1.0 mL of dispersive and 0.1 mL of extraction solvents, ionic salt concentration of 50 g L−1 at pH 4. Under optimum conditions, the calibration curve was linear over the range 0.5–20 mg L−1. Relative standard deviation was 11% and 13% for five repeated determinations for sorbic and benzoic acids, respectively. Limits of detection were acquired as 0.2 mg L−1 for sorbic acid and 0.5 mg L−1 for benzoic acid. The average recoveries were 31% and 39% for sorbic and benzoic acids, respectively. The method was successfully applied to the determination of sorbic and benzoic acids as preservatives in beverage samples.