Abstract
In this work, ZnO is introduced into the 0.55Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-0.45Sr0.7Bi0.2□0.1TiO3 (BNT-SBT) to optimize the dielectric energy storage performance. ZnO is not only used as a sintering aid to decrease the sintering temperature and ceramic grain size, but also enhances the random fields and polar nanoregions activity in the ceramics by Zn2+ doping. Intriguingly, the ZnO-modified BNT-SBT ceramics present a 0–3 type composite structure containing the TiZn2O4 and Bi2Ti2O7 linear dielectrics. Moreover, obvious element segregation is generated in the BNT-based matrix grains showing different Sr2+/(Bi3+, Na+) ratios and polarization magnitudes. The significant variations in composition distribution, grain and domain configurations cause the overall optimization of energy storage properties, reflected in the enhanced breakdown strength, delayed polarization saturation, and reduced polarization hysteresis. As a result, the optimized Wrec ∼ 5.84 J/cm3 and η ∼ 93 % at 40 kV/mm is obtained in the BNT-SBT-0.10ZnO ceramic, superior to that of the BNT-SBT ceramic (Wrec ∼ 3.35 J/cm3 and η ∼ 89 % at 28 kV/mm).
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