Optimized determination of caffeine, equol, and artemisinin by high-performance thin-layer chromatography–direct analysis in real time–time of flight–mass spectrometry

Abstract

We present a planar chromatographic separation method for the compounds caffeine, artemisinin, and equol, separated on highperformance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) silica gel plates. As solvents for separation, methyl t-butyl ether and cyclohexane (1:1, V/V) have been used for equol, cyclohexane and ethyl acetate (7:3, V/V) for artemisinin, and ethyl acetate and acetone (7:3, V/V) for caffei ne. A fter separat ion, the plate was scanned with a very specific time of flight—direct analysis in real time—mass spectrometry (TOF—DART—MS) system using the (M + 1)+ signals of equol, artemisinin, and caffeine. The (M + 1) peak of artemisinin at 283.13 m/z is clearly detectable, which is the proof that DART—MS is applicable for the quantitative determination of rather instable molecules. The planar set-up of DART source, HPTLC plate and detector inlet in a line showed higher sensitivities compared to desorption at an angle. The optimal detector voltage increases with the molar mass of the analyte, thus an individual determination of optimal detector voltage setting for the different analyte is recommended to achieve the best possible measurement conditions. In conclusion, DART—MS detection in combination with an HPTLC separation allows very specific quantification of all three compounds.