Optimized configuration and operation model and economic analysis of shared energy storage based on master-slave game considering load characteristics of PV communities

Abstract

As a new form of energy storage, shared energy storage (SES) is characterized by flexible use and high utilization rate, and its application in photovoltaic (PV) communities has not yet been promoted because of the unclear operation mode and revenue effect. This paper focuses on the configuration, operation and economic benefits of SES in PV communities, comparing the differences in electricity consumption behavior and cost of electricity in PV communities with and without SES scenarios. First, a trading framework between SES and PV community is constructed by combining the reality of China's power market. SES provides charging and discharging services as well as dynamic capacity rental service, and PV community chooses the capacity as well as the time to use SES according to its own situation. Then, the decision-making advantage of SES is considered, and a SES-PV community model based on the master-slave game is established, where the upper level optimizes the system capacity configuration and operation with the goal of minimizing the cost of SES, and the lower level optimizes the electricity consumption behavior with the goal of minimizing the cost of electricity consumption in the PV community. Finally, the adopted model is simulated to obtain the optimal configuration capacity, operation strategy of SES and load optimization results for PV community. The respective costs of SES and PV community are further measured. The results show that SES is only profitable with subsidies, and the cost of electricity in the PV community with SES is reduced by 17.16 % compared to the community without SES. In addition, a sensitivity analysis is conducted to address the benefits of SES, which can be realized through the use of more cost-effective construction materials, access to the electricity market, appropriately increasing the price of dynamic rental capacity, and selecting the operation in the area where the PV output and the community load are more compatible. The research can provide reference for the development mode of SES and the optimization of energy use in PV communities.