Abstract
Microgrids have been popularized in the past decade because of their ability to add distributed generation into the classic distribution systems. Protection problems are among several other problems that need solutions in order to extract the full capability of these novel networks. This research follows the branches of two major solutions, namely adaptive protection and protection optimization. Adaptive protection implementation with a novel concept of clustering is considered, and protection setting optimization is done using a novel hybrid nature-inspired algorithm. Adaptive protection is utilized to cope with the topology variations, while optimization techniques are used to calculate the protection settings that provide faster fault clearances in coordination with backup protection. A modified IEEE 14 bus system is used as the test system. Validation was done for the fault clearing performance. The selected algorithm was effective than most other algorithms, and the clustering approach for adaptive overcurrent protection was able to reduce the number of relays’ setting groups.
Highlights
The settings are further applied to the DigSILENT simulation model, and popular algorithms used to compare the performance of the water cycle–moth flame optimization algorithm (WCMFO) algorithm
This paper focused on two principal areas of microgrid protection as the existence of multiple similar topologies
Identified solutions were the use of adaptive protection and using a
Summary
The microgrids have accumulated a considerable amount of interest within the past years and turn out to be an indispensable asset in the power industry. Microgrids containing DG can cause variations in short circuit levels, which is one of the main reasons for these protection challenges. The ability of microgrids to operate islanded of the main utility can make these variations more drastic. The existence of DG and different operating topologies mainly causes the technical challenges that microgrids face. Protection challenges can be identified as a major area that requires specialized solutions in order to manage efficient running microgrids. Microgrid DG penetration can introduce bi-directional power flow which will cause the fault current to change its direction. They can create protection problems such as unnecessary tripping, relay under reach, and relay overreach [4]. The protection scheme needs to account for the above grid condition changes in order to provide reliable protection against faults
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