Abstract
Bacillus subtilis was investigated as production of biosurfactant using a combination based on waste of candy industry and glycerol from biodiesel production process as only substrate. The experimental design chosen for optimization by response surface methodology was a central composite rotatable design (CCRD) and dry weight (DW) and crude biosurfactant (CB) concentrations were selected as responses in analysis. Two techniques were implemented response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN). First challenge of study was to assess the effects of the interactions between variables and reach optimum values. With the CCRD results, RSM and ANN models were developed, optimizing the production of biosurfactant. The correlation coefficients (R2) of RSM models explained 88% for DW and 73% for CB of the interactions among substrate concentrations, while ANN models explained 99% for DW and 98% for CB, demonstrating that developed ANN models were more accurate and consistent in predicting optimized conditions than RSM model. The maximum DW and CB produced in the optimum conditions were 25.60 ± 5.0 g/L and 668 ± 40 mg/L, respectively. The crude biosurfactant also showed applications in cases of oil spreading in water due to clear zone produced in Petri dishes assays.
Highlights
Biosurfactants are amphiphilic compounds produced mainly by aerobic microorganisms, such as bacteria, yeasts and filamentous fungi [1], with wide use in detergents, laundry formulations, household cleaning products, cosmetics, herbicides, or pesticides, besides in food, pharmaceutical, textile, paper and petroleum industries, among others [2] [3]
The experimental design chosen for optimization by response surface methodology was a central composite rotatable design (CCRD) and dry weight (DW) and crude biosurfactant (CB) concentrations were selected as responses in analysis
This study aims to identify maximum biosurfactant production through fermentation by Bacillus subtilis using alternative substrates, i.e., glycerol from biodiesel production process combined with waste from candy industry
Summary
Biosurfactants are amphiphilic compounds produced mainly by aerobic microorganisms, such as bacteria, yeasts and filamentous fungi [1], with wide use in detergents, laundry formulations, household cleaning products, cosmetics, herbicides, or pesticides, besides in food, pharmaceutical, textile, paper and petroleum industries, among others [2] [3]. Biosurfactants were becoming the focus of extensive researches and applications [5], because it present many advantages, such as high environmental compatibility, biodegradability and produced from renewable raw materials, besides, they have specific activity at extreme temperature, pH, salinity, and the ability to synthesize them from renewable food stocks [1] [6]. These advantages have made the biosurfactants focus of many research and industrial applications [7]. Several kinds of agro-industrial waste have been evaluated as substrates for the biosurfactants production, the waste from candy industry was not evaluated yet
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