Abstract
Activated carbon based oil palm shells were prepared by physical activation using steam which was further grafted with silver. The Response Surface Methodology (Doehlert design) was used to optimize both the impregnation of silver and the atrazine removal. The effects of three variables of preparation conditions of the composite activated Carbon-Silver (AC-Ag): Concentration of silver, impregnation temperature and impregnation time on the atrazine removal (Y1) was investigated on one hand. In another hand, three variables of atrazine removal from liquid phase: Temperature, pH and ratio of Atrazine/CaCl2 (r(Atraz/CaCl2)) on the adsorption capacity of atrazine (Y2) were also investigated. Based on the Doehlert designs, the quadratic models were developed to correlate the preparation variables and the adsorption variables to the response. The optimum conditions of preparation of AC-Ag were found to be: Concentration of silver of 0.063 mol/L, impregnation temperature of 223℃, impregnation time of 1.3 hand atrazine removal of 384.62 mg/g. The optimum conditions of atrazine adsorption were found to be: Temperature of 25.0℃, pH of 7.7 and r(Atraz/CaCl2) of 0.37 which gave 209 mg/g of atrazine adsorption capacity. These results demonstrated that the preparation and adsorption conditions have a significant influence on the removal of atrazine.
Highlights
Atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamine-6 isopropylamino-s-triazine) is a selective triazine herbicide frequently used in agricultural sector
The optimum conditions of atrazine adsorption were found to be: Temperature of 25.0 ̊C, pH of 7.7 and r(Atraz/CaCl2) of 0.37 which gave 209 mg/g of atrazine adsorption capacity. These results demonstrated that the preparation and adsorption conditions have a significant influence on the removal of atrazine
For the removal of atrazine in function of medium conditions, Table 3 showed the capacity of the carbon samples to adsorb atrazine which varies between 157.69 and 209.45 mg/g
Summary
Atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamine-6 isopropylamino-s-triazine) is a selective triazine herbicide frequently used in agricultural sector. Contamination of water and soil by atrazine has a negative impact on aquatic ecosystems and induce severe hormonal disturbances in amphibians [1]. It is classified as a potential human carcinogenic by USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) and the main source of human exposure is the consumption of contaminated groundwater [2]. Adsorption is a process whereby a contaminant adheres to the surface of an adsorbent, such as activated carbon, due to hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions between the adsorbate and the adsorbent [4]. Activated carbon (AC) is a carbonaceous material that possesses a highly developed porosity that allows its use in wide range of applications. Some of the most important uses dealt with water treatment [5]
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