Optimization, Production, and characterization of cottonseed methyl ester based on Box-Behnken in response surface design and gas Chromatography-Mass spectrum analysis

Abstract

Renewable energy sources have a significant approach to eco-friendly systems with economically cost-effective and efficient use of biodiesel. The creation of innovative catalysts is attracting the attention and concern of the chemical and manufacturing sectors to be used in the production of biodiesel. The main objective of this work is to produce the optimum biodiesel yield using BBD design and the base-catalyzed method. The production of biodiesel was achieved through experimental investigation (alkali-catalyzed transesterification) and optimized using the BBD design method.The most important parameters such as methanol to oil ratios, KOH as catalysts, and reaction times were provided with variable conditions. The variation of methanol to oil ratios has significant relationships and is highly correlated in findings. The physicochemical properties of cottonseed biodiesel were carried out according to ASTM and EN standards. The maximum yield was achieved at 96.708 at a molar ratio of 6:1, reaction time of 60 min, and catalyst concentration of 1 wt%. The strong correlation between actual and predicted values of COSME was analyzed using ANOVA variances. The F-value and P-value validated the outcomes of produced biodiesel having a model value of 43.68 and 0.00, respectively. The coefficient of determinations and adjusted R2 of CSOME were achieved at 98.7% and 98.6%, respectively. The gas chromatogram mass spectrum analysis was also obtained to identify the acid profile present in COSME. The major percentage of ester available in COSME has been determined using GC–MS analysis and presented by its weight percentages. The main esters have been including myristic acid methyl ester (1.7%), palmitic acid methyl ester (26.65%), methyl 9-cis,11-trans-octadecadienoate(44.05%), ethyl 9. Cis.11.trans octadecadienoate(9.67%), methyl 20-methyl-heneicosanoate(6.83%), 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester(1.93%), and Pentacosanoic acid, methyl ester(7.14%).