Optimization on the peroxide ratio control strategy of PEMFC system based on immune algorithm

Abstract

The air supply system is an essential component of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), and proper control of the oxygen stoichiometry ratio(λo2) is crucial to prevent oxygen starvation in the PEMFC while maintaining efficient and stable performance output. In response to the issues of poor dynamic performance and slow response in traditional λo2 control strategies, this study was conducted to establish a dynamic oxygen flow model of the PEMFC and proposed a λo2 control strategy based on an immune algorithm-fuzzy PID (IAFPID). The performance of the IAFPID control strategy in λo2 control was analyzed under different load requirements, simulated vehicle dynamic loads, and temperature disturbances. The results demonstrate that the IAFPID control strategy has advantages such as fast convergence speed, strong robustness, and good dynamic performance. The efficiency of achieving the optimal stoichiometry ratio for high power output in PEMFC under disturbances was nearly 50% higher with IAFPID control compared to traditional PID, Fuzzy-PID, Genetic Algorithm PID, and Immune Algorithm PID strategies. Furthermore, this method ensures a lower average error in maintaining stable λo2 under dynamic disturbances compared to the IAPID and PID control strategies, with reductions of 12.93% and 37.75%, respectively.