Optimization of voltammetric parameters for sensitive and simultaneous determination of ferulic acid and vanillin using a glassy carbon electrode based on 2-aminonicotinic acid in the presence of surfactant media

Abstract

The electrochemical sensor for simultaneous determination of ferulic acid (FA) and vanillin (VA) was prepared by electrochemical deposition of 2-aminonicotinic acid (2-ANA) on the glassy carbon (GC) electrode. The voltammetric determination of FA and VA was performed in the BR buffer solution in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate as a surfactant with SWV. The parameters of the SWV technique were optimized by response surface methodology experimental design. Under optimized conditions, the 2-ANA/GC modified electrode presented a linear working range of 2.8 × 10−8 M to 7.50 × 10−6 M and 7.50 × 10−6 M to 2.45 × 10−5 M for FA, 3.06 × 10−8 M to 1.27 × 10−5M for VA. The detection limit (LOD) values for FA and VA were 6.87 nM and 9.23 nM, respectively. Using the 2-ANA/GC sensor, concentrations of FA and VA in instant coffee and milk samples were determined with %recovery values between 103.40 and 97.07 and %RSD values between 0.76 and 4.40.