Abstract
The aim of this study was to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from black locust (Robiniae pseudoacaciae) flowers using central composite design. The ethanol concentration (33–67%), extraction temperature (33–67 °C), and extraction time (17–33 min) were analyzed as the factors that impact the total phenolic content. The liquid-to-solid ratio of 10 cm3 g−1 was the same during extractions. The optimal conditions were found to be 59 °C, 60% (v/v) ethanol, and extraction time of 30 min. The total phenolic content (TPC = 3.12 gGAE 100 g−1 dry plant material) and antioxidant activity (IC50 = 120.5 µg cm−3) of the extract obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction were compared with those obtained by maceration (TPC = 2.54 gGAE 100 g−1 dry plant material, IC50 = 150.6 µg cm−3) and Soxhlet extraction (TPC = 3.22 gGAE 100 g−1 dry plant material, IC50 = 204.2 µg cm−3). The ultrasound-assisted extraction gave higher total phenolic content and better antioxidant activity for shorter extraction time so that it represents the technique of choice for the extraction of phenolic compounds. The obtained extract, as the source of antioxidants, can be applied in the pharmaceutical and food industries.
Highlights
Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) is a deciduous tree originating from the Southeastern region ofNorth America
The total phenolic content (TPC = 3.12 gGAE 100 g−1 dry plant material) and antioxidant activity (IC50 = 120.5 μg cm−3 ) of the extract obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction were compared with those obtained by maceration (TPC = 2.54 gGAE 100 g−1 dry plant material, IC50 = 150.6 μg cm−3 ) and Soxhlet extraction (TPC = 3.22 gGAE 100 g−1 dry plant material, IC50 = 204.2 μg cm−3 )
Modeling of the extraction of phenolic compounds from black locust flowers was carried out according to the matrix of central composite design (CCD) with 18 experimental runs
Summary
Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) is a deciduous tree originating from the Southeastern region of. Today, it can be found in all regions of the world with a moderate climate [1]. Its plantation was for ornamental purposes, but there are studies that mention the importance of a mixed plantation of this species, because it is a nitrogen fixing species that promotes a growing facilitation effect of other trees [2]. It has a smooth bark, thorny branches, and a rare crochet. The flowers are a cluster with characteristically white color, pleasant and intense aroma, and sweet taste
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