Abstract
Abstract Jabuticaba is a very popular fruit in Brazil being a great source of compounds with considerable biological activities. Novel optimized ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) methods have been proposed for anthocyanins and total phenolic compounds from jabuticaba. A Box–Behnken experimental design (BBD) with a response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the effect of six independent variables (solvent composition, solvent-to-sample ratio, ultrasound amplitude and cycle, pH, and temperature) on the UAE. Solvent composition was found to be the most significant variable for the extraction of both anthocyanins (51%) and total phenolic compounds (72%). The other optimum conditions for anthocyanins were as follows: pH 7.00, 39.8 oC, 20:1.5 mL:g solvent-to-sample ratio, 34% ultrasound amplitude and cycle of 0.47 seconds. The optimum conditions for the extraction of phenolic compounds were: pH 7.00, 26.0 oC, 20:1.5 (mL:g) solvent-to-sample ratio, 68.5% ultrasound amplitude and cycle of 0.5 seconds. The extraction kinetic was also evaluated. The developed methods showed a high precision, with coefficients of variation of less than 5% for both repeatability and intermediate precision (within-lab reproducibility). The applicability of the new methods was successfully evaluated on several fruits and jams from jabuticaba.
Highlights
The fruit of the jabuticaba tree (Myrciaria cauliflora) (Mitra, 2010) has the special characteristic that it is borne directly on the main trunk and branches of the tree
A Box–Behnken experimental design (BBD) with the response surface methodology (RSM) was used to evaluate the influence on the extraction yield of six factors related to ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions for anthocyanins and total phenolic compounds from jabuticaba fruit
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to evaluate the significance of the variables and their interactions on the response (Tables 3 and 4). The extraction of both sets of bioactive compounds from jabuticaba was correlated with experimental conditions by a second-order polynomial equation, which can be useful to predict the response variables
Summary
The fruit of the jabuticaba tree (Myrciaria cauliflora) (Mitra, 2010) has the special characteristic that it is borne directly on the main trunk and branches of the tree. There are several references concerning the chemical composition of Myrciaria cauliflora and the relevant content of bioactive compounds has been highlighted, including phenolics in general and anthocyanins in particular, which are characterized by their antioxidant, anticancer, and beneficial properties against chronic diseases (Batista et al, 2014; Dessimoni-Pinto et al, 2011; Lenquiste et al, 2015; Nascimento et al, 2013). This fruit is appreciated for both fresh consumption and jam manufacturing (Alves et al, 2016).
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