Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Followed by Macroporous Resin Purification for Maximal Recovery of Functional Components and Removal of Toxic Components from Ginkgo biloba Leaves.

Guisheng Zhou,Xinmin Wang,Xin Yao,Wei Jiang,Yuping Tang,Jiayan Ma,Jing Zhang,Jin-Ao Duan

doi:10.1155/2018/4598067

Abstract

In the present study, the process of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) followed by macroporous resin purification was successfully developed to achieve maximal recovery of functional components (flavonoids and ginkgolides) with minimal contents of toxic components (alkylphenols) from Ginkgo biloba leaves. Three effective extracted factors including HAc%, EtOH%, and UAE power were screened by Plackett–Burman design (PBD). The important variables were further optimized by rotatable central composite design (RCCD). By combination of PBD and RCCD, the resulting optimal UAE conditions were as follows: HAc% of 1.8%, EtOH% of 63%, ultrasound power of 303 W, G. biloba leaves powder amount of 1.0 g (solvent-to-solid ratio 40 mL/g), particle size of 60 mesh, extraction time of 40 min, and extraction temperature of 45°C. Under the optimum conditions, the yield of flavonoids was 25.1 ± 0.81 mg/g, ginkgolides was 10.6 ± 0.57 mg/g, and alkylphenols was 3.96 ± 0.31 mg/g. Moreover, the further enriching the functional components and removing toxic components from the obtained extracts of G. biloba leaves using the above optimum UAE condition was successfully achieved by macroporous resin DA-201. After column adsorption and desorption on DA-201, the content of total flavonoids was 36.51 ± 1.53%, ginkgolides was 13.24 ± 0.85%, and alkylphenols was 7.0 ± 1.0 μg/g from the obtained dry extracts (drug to extract ratio of 45-50:1) of G. biloba leaves which were complied with Chinese pharmacopoeias.

Highlights

Ginkgo biloba (G. biloba) leaves have been commonly used to mitigate neurodegenerative diseases [1, 2], intermittent claudication [3], tinnitus [4, 5] and many other diseases [6]
The objectives of this study were to optimize a simple, safe, and low-cost process of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) followed by macroporous resin purification to obtain maximum yield of flavonoids and terpene lactones with minimum alkylphenols content from G. biloba leaves
It was necessary to develop a simple, rapid, and accurate analytical method to profile of flavonoids, terpene lactones, and alkylphenols in different matrices of G. biloba leaves

Summary

Introduction

Ginkgo biloba (G. biloba) leaves have been commonly used to mitigate neurodegenerative diseases [1, 2], intermittent claudication [3], tinnitus [4, 5] and many other diseases [6]. For quality control and safety evaluation of drug or functional foods, efficient extraction and purification of EGb were of great importance to remove alkylphenols while retaining terpene lactones and flavonoids from G. biloba leaves. Some EGb were prepared in a multistep process to reduce alkylphenols while retaining terpene lactones and flavonoids from G. biloba leaves [7, 10]. It could enrich lactones and flavonoids while removing alkylphenols, the selective multistep process was complex in the practical operation and the optimal multistep process was proved to be expensive on an industrial scale

Objectives

Results

Conclusion