Abstract
Ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) to maintain the cyto-protective activity of M.toringoides against oxidative stress. The optimal conditions for UAE were a 58 mL/g liquid-solid ratio, a 38 °C extraction temperature, an 85% solvent concentration, and a 19-min extraction time, which resulted in a protection rate of 54.57% against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). These results were comparable to the predicted value of 53.75%. The extracts showed excellent antioxidant activity, and phlorizin was detected in the dried leaves of Malus.toringoides. The highest yield of phlorizin (101.239 mg/g) was also obtained using these conditions. Taken together, these results showed that the method successfully integrated RSM and partial least squares regression methods to optimize M.toringoides extraction to yield the highest cyto-protective activity and effectively increase the yield of phlorizin from M.toringoides.
Highlights
The leaves of M.toringoides are a source of traditional folk medicine in Tibet, China
A previous study demonstrated the antioxidant effect of phlorizin [28]
Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction to conserve the cyto-protective effect of M.toringoides was performed with a four-variable, three-level central composite design based on response surface methodology
Summary
The leaves of M.toringoides are a source of traditional folk medicine in Tibet, China. The traditional medicine is obtained from the leaves of M.toringoides (Rehd.) Hughes or Malus tiansitoria (Batal.) Schneid, which grow on snowy mountains at an attitude of 3000 to 3700 m and has been used as a food source. The active compounds include phlorizin, phloretin, quercetin, isoquercitrin, rutin, and hyperin as well as others. It has been used in the treatment of hypertension, indigestion, liver injury, hyperlipidaemia, and hyperglycemia [1]. Various substances isolated from M.toringoides leaves have strong antioxidant activities, but the antioxidant activity of M.toringoides has not been formally researched [2]. Processing of M.toringoides is currently dependent upon experience, which results in a low efficiency and unstable quality of M.toringoides extractions
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