Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Polyphenol Content from Zea mays Hairs (Waste).

Sarra Aourabi,Mouhcine Sfaira,Fatima Mahjoubi

doi:10.1155/2020/5072938

Sarra Aourabi, Mouhcine Sfaira + Show 1 more

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https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5072938

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to achieve the best extraction efficiency of the hydroethanolic extract of Zea mays hairs. The impacts of ethanol concentration, extraction time, and solvent /material ratio were studied in relation to the performance of Zea mays extracts by ultrasonic extraction at 50 kHz and room temperature. All extracts were quantitatively characterized in terms of polyphenol content. Response surface methodology (RSM) was carried out to optimize the extraction process and increase extraction efficiency. In the experiments, different concentrations of ethanol:water were used. The efficiency of the extraction process was determined from an analysis of variance (ANOVA). The maximum extraction efficiency of the hydroethanolic extraction (31.37%) and the quantitative value of the polyphenol content (257.87 mg EAG/g extract) were obtained using a treatment time of 40 min, an ethanol:water (70 : 30), and a solvent/material ratio (11 mL/g). The results obtained indicate that ultrasonic-assisted extraction is an effective method for extracting natural compounds from Zea mays, thus allowing the full use of this abundant and inexpensive industrial waste.

Highlights

Zea mays hairs (Z. mays, corn silk) are a collection of the stigmas from the female flowers of the maize plant contains proteins, vitamins, carbohydrates, Ca2+, K+, Mg2+ and Na+ salts, volatile oils, and steroids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, flavones, and flavone glycosides [1, 2]
The response surface methodology (RSM) is a statistical method that uses quantitative data from an appropriate experimental design to determine the optimal conditions for extraction; first of all, the factors that influence extraction yields and total phenol content were determined and variance ranges of each independent variable were obtained
The results showed that three main factors influence the extraction efficiency, The Scientific World Journal including ethanol concentration (%, X1), solvent/material ratio, and extraction time (W, X3), and these factors were used as independent variables to optimize extraction conditions

Summary

Introduction

Zea mays hairs (Z. mays, corn silk) are a collection of the stigmas (fine, soft, yellowish threads) from the female flowers of the maize plant contains proteins, vitamins, carbohydrates, Ca2+, K+, Mg2+ and Na+ salts, volatile oils, and steroids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, flavones, and flavone glycosides [1, 2]. Pharmacological studies have shown that phenolic compounds have an important function in human health [9], including anticancer actions [3, 10] and antioxidant activity [11]. Conventional extraction methods such as maceration, decoction, infusion, reflux, heating, and Soxhlet extraction are used to extract biologically active polyphenols from various plants. These conventional extraction methods have generally many disadvantages such as large amount of solvent utilization, long extraction time, and lower extraction yield [12, 13]. New extraction techniques such as ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) [14], microwave assisted extraction (MAE) [15], and accelerated solvent extraction (ASE)

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