Abstract
Effective extraction of natural antioxidants from cheap plant sources is still a problem. In this paper, an excellent method of ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from Ajuga ciliata Bunge was studied. The effects of four factors including ethanol volume fraction, ultrasonic time, ultrasonic temperature and material liquid ratio were discussed. After single factor experiments had been investigated, a 4-factor, 3-level Box-Behnken design experiment was used to obtain the model optimum conditions, which are shown as follows: ethanol volume fraction of 41%, liquid-solid ratio of 35:1 mL/g, ultrasonic temperature of 60 °C and ultrasonic time of 50 min. Under these conditions, the experimental productivity is 3.552 mg/g. The spectra of Fourier infrared and energy dispersive X-ray suggest that phenolic compounds exist in the extracts. Besides, free radical scavenging potentials of superoxide anion, hydroxyl and DPPH were measured to evaluate their antioxidant properties. This study proves that the ultrasonic-assisted extraction technique can extract phenolic compounds with antioxidant capacity from Ajuga ciliata Bunge.
Highlights
Biomacromolecules including nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, are important parts of the organism, which have large molecular weight, complex structure and have many biological functions
After being dried for 80 h at 41 C in a hot air oven, the dried Ajuga ciliata Bunge was ground and conceded through a 100-mesh sieve, sealed in plastic bottle, and stored in the refrigerator at 4 C. 1,1-Diphenyl-2picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), Trismethyl aminomethane (THAM), ascorbic acid (Vc), salicylic acid (SAA), Gallic acid, phenanthroline, CH3CH2OH, ethanol, FeSO4, Na2HPO4, NaH2PO4, Li2SO4, Na2MoO4, Na2WO4, HCl, H3PO4, Na2CO3, H2O2 and Br2 were of analytical grade and purchased from the Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co
The ultrasonically extracted slurry was filtered with medium speed quantitative filter paper, and filter liquor was transferred to centrifugal pipe and centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 5 min, the supernatant obtained was collected as poly-phenol of Ajuga ciliata Bunge (PAB) in a volume bottle
Summary
Biomacromolecules including nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, are important parts of the organism, which have large molecular weight, complex structure and have many biological functions. Oxidative damage to biological macromolecules causes many chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer and aging [1,2]. Some substances are called antioxidants because they have the function of resisting the oxidation of biological macromolecules and attenuating human tissue and cell damage. Natural antioxidants are a class of antioxidants that have great potential in the food, herbal, and feed industries. They can be extracted from inexpensive natural organisms, including polyphenols, flavonoids, polysaccharides and so on [3,4]
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