Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Andrographis paniculata Nees Leaves, Phytochemical Screening, Total Phenolic Content and Anti-Gout Potential Activity

Abstract

Gout is a type of arthritis that causes painful inflammation in one or more joints. In gout, an increase in uric acid in the blood triggers the formation of crystals, causing joint pain. Indonesia is a country rich in the biodiversity of medicinal plant species. Therefore, its flora offers promising therapy for gout, one of which is Andrographis paniculata Nees. This study aims to obtain the leaf extract of A. paniculata through the application of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) with variations in time and amplitude to produce optimal extraction conditions. Then the extract obtained was subjected to phytochemical screening, a total phenolic content test and uric acid test. The results of phytochemical screening of A. paniculata leaf extract using UAE contained saponins, phenols, tannins and alkaloids. The high total phenolic content has an effect on the high potential for reducing uric acid levels. Sample B with a time variation of 35 minutes and an amplitude of 65% showed the highest total phenolic content and potential for reducing uric acid levels compared to the other samples, which were 1104.53 ± 0.5 mg GAE/g extract and 72.81±0.2 %, respectively. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that the UAE extract from the leaves of A. paniculata has good potential as an anti-gout agent.