Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions for active components and anti-alzheimer activities from mentha cordifolia

Abstract

Mentha cordifolia .(Lamiaceae) or Mint, is distributed all over the world. Essential oils found are menthol, menthone, 1,8-cineole, pinene, myrcene, and borneol. M. cordifolia. most popular herb, is widely used in cooking, cosmetics, complementary therapy, and pharmaceuticals for anti-carcinogen, gastro protective, antimicrobial, and antivirus purposes. The manufactory extracted essential oil method used steam distillation and hydro-distillation, which decomposed the components. The aim of this work was to study the innovative technologies of chemical constituents’ extraction by ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) that include high yields, short-extraction times, and energy savings. The extraction of Mentha cordifolia was carried out at 20 KHz ultrasonic frequencies. Sonicated times were 1.5 h. Antioxidant studies of essential oils by UAE extraction were 2, 2-diphenyl-1-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), and pharmacological activity was anti-Alzheimer (Ellman’s method). The UAE method used hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol as solvents and set the time to 1.0 h; in the second experiment, it set the time to 1.5h in the same system. Crude hexane (F1) extracted gave terpene and essential oils; crude ethyl acetate (F2) extracted gave flavonoids; and crude ethanol (F3) extracted gave phenolic compounds. The UAE method gave fractions F1, F2, and F3, which showed the DPPH activity was IC50 259, 229, and 74 mg/mL; ABTS radical scavenging was IC50 129, 103, and 127 mg/mL; and anti-acetylcholinesterase was IC50 128, 126, and 137mg/mL, respectively. The antioxidants tested were treated by applying multivariate statistical analysis.