Abstract
Sidaguri (Sida rhombifolia) is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions and has been reported to possess many bioactive compounds that are beneficial for human health, including polyphenolics having antioxidant activities. The objective of this study was (1) to optimize ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of Sidaguri and (2) to evaluate antioxidant activities of extracts resulting from the optimized condition using radical scavenging assay of 2,2′-diphenil-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid. The optimum UAE conditions obtained were solvent to solid ratio of 26:1, temperature of extraction of 45.45°C, methanol concentration of 42%, power of sonication of 86%, and time of extraction of 5 minutes. Sidaguri obtained from locations of Kretek and Ngemplak had the highest radical scavenging activity accounting for 83.69% ± 0.30% and 82.95% ± 0.49%, respectively.
Highlights
Sidaguri (Sida rhombifolia) is one of the famous Sida species among 200 others, belonging to the Malvaceae family.This species is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions and has been used to treat many diseases such as headaches, tuberculosis, diabetes, malaria, hemorrhoids, wounds, rheumatic, cardiac disease, diarrhea, and skin diseases for thousands of years (Ferro et al, 2019; Rohman et al, 2020)
The significance of effects was determined by analysis of variance (ANOVA) single factor, followed by least significant difference (LSD) since they showed a significantly different result
The factors affecting the efficiency of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) were solvent to solid ratio, temperature of extraction, amplitude extraction, and methanol concentration
Summary
Sidaguri (Sida rhombifolia) is one of the famous Sida species among 200 others, belonging to the Malvaceae family This species is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions and has been used to treat many diseases such as headaches, tuberculosis, diabetes, malaria, hemorrhoids, wounds, rheumatic, cardiac disease, diarrhea, and skin diseases for thousands of years (Ferro et al, 2019; Rohman et al, 2020). (DPPH) radical, 2,2′-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS+) radical, reducing power, superoxide scavenging activity, antibacterial activity, and anti-inflammatory activities (Ferro et al, 2019; Mah et al, 2017). These biological activities are manifestation of the secondary metabolites which are bioactive compounds produced by Sidaguri. The fact that Sidaguri produced various metabolites which are beneficial to human health makes it necessary to analyze those metabolites and bioactive compounds expressed by antioxidant activities for controlling their quality comprehensively
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