Abstract
A novel coupling of ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplets (UA-DLLME-SFODs) with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed for the simultaneous preconcentration and determination of citalopram (CIT), diazepam (DIZ), and sertraline (SER) in their tablets and in the human serum and urine samples. In this proposed procedure, 1-undecanol and ethanol were used as the extraction and disperser solvents, respectively. Several parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were investigated using the Plackett–Burman (PB) factorial design as a screening design. The variables showing significant effects on the analytical response were the pH value for the sample solution and the volume of the extraction solvent; they were optimized using the central composite face-centered design (CCFD). For validation of the technique, its accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LOD), linearity, and sensitivity were evaluated. Also the limits of quantification (LOQs) were 1.3, 2.7, and 1.2ngmL−1 for CIT, DIZ, and SER, respectively. The extraction recovery percentages for all the examined drugs were above 92.9 with acceptable relative standard deviations (RSDs). The proposed methodology was successfully applied to the determination of these drugs in their tablets and in the human serum and urine samples.
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