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Abstract
(1) Background: Flavonoids are the primary medicinal ingredient of Saussurea involucrate, which have significant antioxidant capacity. Optimizing the extraction of Saussurea involucrate flavonoids (SIFs) and exploring the ability to block melanin deposition caused by reactive oxygen can greatly promote the development of S. involucrate whitening products. (2) Methods: Ultrasonic extraction process was optimized using the Box–Behnken design (BBD) and response surface methodology (RSM). Then, the effect of SIFs on antioxidant activity and anti-deposition of melanin, and genes related to the melanin synthesis are studied. (3) Results: The optimal extraction procedures are as follows: the extraction time, ethanol content, and solvent ratio (v/w) are 64 min, 54%, and 54:1, respectively. The reducing activity and scavenging rates of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, and ABTS+ were promoted as more S. involucrate flavonoid extract was added. The SIFs extract induced a decrease in the melanin synthesis by inhibiting the human melanoma A375 cell tyrosinase activity. SIFs also depress expression of melanin synthesis related genes. (4) Conclusions: the highest SIFs content was obtained by using 54% ethanol and 54:1 solvent ratio (v/w) for 64 min. The extract of SIFs exhibited good ability of antioxidant and anti-deposition of melanin in human melanocytes.
Highlights
Saussurea involucrate (Kar. et Kir.) Sch.-Bip. belongs to the Asteraceae family of the genus Saussurea, which is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and regulate the menstrual cycle [1]
Kudo et al [8] reported that flavones from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi could inhibit melanogenesis and intracellular melanosome transport in B16F10 cells
It is unknown whether the S. involucrate flavonoids (SIFs) possess a whitening function, which could allow SIFs to become a main raw material of whitening products
Summary
Saussurea involucrate (Kar. et Kir.) Sch.-Bip. belongs to the Asteraceae family of the genus Saussurea, which is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and regulate the menstrual cycle [1]. Flavonoids play an important role in blocking melanin deposition and skin whitening products. We found that the extracts of flavonoid from Panax notoginseng stem and leaf had a good inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity and melanin production in B16 cells [7]. Kudo et al [8] reported that flavones from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi could inhibit melanogenesis and intracellular melanosome transport in B16F10 cells. It is unknown whether the S. involucrate flavonoids (SIFs) possess a whitening function, which could allow SIFs to become a main raw material of whitening products
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