Abstract
The Cinnamomum verum (CV), Origanum majorana (CM), and Origanum vulgare (OV) have been used in traditional medicine in several regions of México for their anti-diabetic properties. In this study investigated the variables of ultrasound-assisted extraction for the polyphenolic compounds from the combination of these plants and explore their potential antidiabetic activities on glucose-induced-diabetic zebrafish. Determined the optimum conditions for ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) to maximum recovery amounts of phenolic compounds from the extract of these plants. Polyphenols were detected in the extracts using HPLC-DAD-analysis. Extracts were evaluated on zebrafish exposed to high glucose concentration (110 mM) for two weeks. Results showed second-order polynomial mathematical models with a high coefficient of determination (R2 > 0.9564). Optimized extraction conditions for UAE from the combination of the 3 plants (COV) were as follows: 66.03%, ethanol, 28.87 min, and 21.51 mL/g for maximal flavonoids extraction. Used the same optimal extraction conditions for CV, CM, and OV. Results from LC-MS/MS indicated 9 polyphenolic compounds in CV, 12 in CM, and 6 in OV, the content of total polyphenols was 310.28, 90.42, and 126.74 mg GAE 100 g−1 dry weight, respectively. However, hyperglycemic fish showed an increase in cholesterol and triglyceride levels whereas extracts completely prevented these metabolic alterations. COV showed higher anti-diabetic ability than CV, CM, and OV, suggesting a synergistic effect between them. Our investigation developed a new herbal formulation of Cinnamomum verum; Origanum majorana; Origanum vulgare that has proven effective in animals with type 2 diabetes will form a new class of supplements to treat diabetic complications.
Highlights
The first step studying of an analytical process of the secondary metabolites of a plant is extraction
The extraction conditions of Cinnamomum verum (CV), CM, Origanum vulgare (OV), and COV liquid/solid ratio, ethanol concentration, and ultrasonic time were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM)
The experimental data indicate that the optimum extraction conditions obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction are an effective method for the extraction of bioactive
Summary
The first step studying of an analytical process of the secondary metabolites of a plant is extraction. The traditional extraction techniques such as Soxhlet extraction and maceration take up a lot of solvent and time (Yue et al, 2018). A rapid, simple, and effective extraction method is the use of ultrasonic waves to produce cavitation in the solvent, increasing the penetration of solvent considerably into the plant material (Zheng et al, 2020). Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) compared to other extraction methods, is a green technology that provides a simplified manipulation, a high reproducibility in a shorter time, decrease in temperature, reduction in organic solvent intake, and high efficiency with lower energy consumption (Fan et al, 2016). In UAE, must optimized conditions including, sample-solvent ratio, extraction time, and solvent type, to obtain a better extraction in a short time (Yuan et al, 2015). The response surface methodology (RSM) is a combination of mathematical
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