Abstract
The optimization of active electrode materials for advanced lithium batteries obtained by sonochemically promoted reactions is discussed. Composites containing amorphous CoSn intermetallic compound and exfoliated graphite are prepared by a combination of graphite mechanical exfoliation followed by the reduction of Co2+ and Sn2+ solutions in tetraethyleneglycol with NaBH4 with simultaneous high-intensity ultrasonication. X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy reveal relevant similarities with the negative electrode of the commercial Nexelion™ battery. The resulting nanocomposite is tested as an electrode material using a lithium polyacrylate binder. The electrochemical cycling in lithium test cells shows capacities around 400 mAh/g after 400 cycles, and the ac impedance spectra reveal low resistance values. In the first discharge, nanocrystalline Li x Sn is formed. After cycling, the metallic nanoparticles (ca. 7–20 nm) remain to be X-ray amorphous and embedded in the binder.
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