Optimization of Thermal Management for the Environmental Worthiness Design of Aviation Equipment Using Phase Change Materials

Abstract

A phase change materials (PCM)-based heat sink is an effective way to cool intermittent high-power electronic devices in aerospace applications such as airborne electronics and aircraft external carry. Optimizing the heat sink is significant in designing a compact and efficient system. This paper proposes an optimization procedure for the PCM/expanded graphite (EG)-based heat sink to minimize the temperature of the heat source. The numerical model is built to estimate the thermal response, and a surrogate model is fitted using the Kriging model. An optimization algorithm is constructed to predict the optimum parameters of the heat sink, and the effects of heat sink volume, heat flux, and working time on the optimal parameters of the heat sink are investigated. This shows that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data, and the proposed optimization method effectively obtains the optimal EG mass fraction and the geometric dimensions of the PCM enclosure. The optimal EG mass fraction increases with the rise in heat sink volume and decreases with the increase in heat flux and working time. The optimal ratio of the height to the length of the heat sink is 0.43. This study provides practical guidance for the optimal design of a PCM/EG-based heat sink.