Abstract
An important agronomic task in cultivating spring rape is improving the physical properties of leached black soil, which are extremely important for increasing its productivity. A central role in the physics of these soils is played by studying its density, which helps regulate the soil processes and maintain favorable conditions for spring rape. According to the studies, the highest productivity of spring rape is observed in the case of the arable layer density of 1.00 – 1.10 g/cm3. Moreover, in the case of soil density of 1.10 g/cm3, productivity is better by 5.6 – 8.5 % than in the case of 1.00 g/cm3. The number of seeds per pod has increased especially strongly (by 13.8 %). In the subsurface layer (30 – 40 cm), soil density of 1.10 – 1.20 g/cm3 is optimal for spring rape growth and development.
Highlights
Sunflower is the main oil crop in Russia
An important agronomic task in cultivating spring rape is improving the physical properties of leached black soil, which are extremely important for increasing its productivity
Reasonable calculations show that the limiting saturation of arable land rotation with sunflower in the favorable agro-climatic zones does not allow creating the necessary raw material base for vegetable oil and feed protein in the amounts that meet the needs of the population
Summary
Reasonable calculations show that the limiting saturation of arable land rotation with sunflower in the favorable agro-climatic zones does not allow creating the necessary raw material base for vegetable oil and feed protein in the amounts that meet the needs of the population. There are many reasons for this, and one of them is the problem of creating optimal conditions in the soil for the development of the root system and rape plants in general. The agrophysical properties of black soil differ from the optimal values and have a steady tendency to deteriorating. The overcompaction of this soil, the loss of the coarse structure, decreased normal field capacity, and water permeability occur (Shcherbakov & Vasenev, 2000). A central place in soil physics is occupied by studying its density, which depends on the texture and the structural state of soil, and the arable layer – through the technology of crop cultivation (Kuznetsova, 1978; Kuznetsova, 1979)
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