Optimization of the Silver Nanoparticles PEALD Process on the Surface of 1-D Titania Coatings.

Aleksandra Radtke,Beata Sadowska,Marzena Więckowska-Szakiel,Wiesław Kozak,Tomasz Jędrzejewski,Maarit Mäkelä,Markku Leskelä,Ewa Talik,Piotr Piszczek

doi:10.3390/nano7070193

Abstract

Plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) of silver nanoparticles on the surface of 1-D titania coatings, such as nanotubes (TNT) and nanoneedles (TNN), has been carried out. The formation of TNT and TNN layers enriched with dispersed silver particles of strictly defined sizes and the estimation of their bioactivity was the aim of our investigations. The structure and the morphology of produced materials were determined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron miscroscopy (SEM). Their bioactivity and potential usefulness in the modification of implants surface have been estimated on the basis of the fibroblasts adhesion and proliferation assays, and on the basis of the determination of their antibacterial activity. The cumulative silver release profiles have been checked with the use of inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICPMS), in order to exclude potential cytotoxicity of silver decorated systems. Among the studied nanocomposite samples, TNT coatings, prepared at 3, 10, 12 V and enriched with silver nanoparticles produced during 25 cycles of PEALD, revealed suitable biointegration properties and may actively counteract the formation of bacterial biofilm.

Highlights

The wide use of titanium and its alloys in implantology has contributed to the development of research on the osteointegration and the antimicrobial activity enhancement of modern implants [1,2,3]
Considering previous reports we have focused on the design and the fabrication of 1-D titania nanoarchitectures decorated by dispersed silver nanoparticles of the strictly defined size and of the biological activity related to the size effect
Titania based coatings were produced on the surface of Ti6Al4V substrates by electrochemical oxidation (TiO2 nanotubes (TNT)) or by thermal oxidation (TiO2 nanoneedles (TNN)) according to the early reported procedure [48,49,50]

Summary

Introduction

The wide use of titanium and its alloys in implantology has contributed to the development of research on the osteointegration and the antimicrobial activity enhancement of modern implants [1,2,3]. The one way to ensure the abovementioned properties is to form the TiO2-based nanocomposite coatings on the surface of these implants [4,5,6]. The initial inflammation response is always present regardless of the type of biomaterial used. The previous reports and results of our studies showed that controlled diameter nanotubes displayed significantly changed responses to S. aureus and S. epidermidis [26,27,28,29]. It should be pointed out that analyzed nanotube coatings were crystalline, in the form of anatase, as they were post-treated after anodization process by annealing. According to results of studies on nanotubes, which were not post-annealed, the best antibacterial properties against S. aureus were seen for the nanotubes with small diameter but possessing the rutile form [31]

Methods

Results

Conclusion