Optimization of the sewerage systems scheme of cities and populated areas

Abstract

Lake Baikal is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. This unique lake is by nature, by the purity and depth of the waters, by the diversity of the lake fauna and flora. The rules for the use of the Baikal waters, its territory, and the forest fund are strictly regulated by the Federal Law “On the Protection of Lake Baikal”. This law restricts economic activity within 200 km of the guard zone. In a difficult situation there are settlements located on the shore of the lake, especially those found in the territory of national parks and reserves. However, the prohibitive measures are not able to stop the development of tourism, which is increasing every year. Only “Small” Sea and Olkhon Island are visited annually by over half a million visitors from different countries. The most attractive zone for the development of tourism and recreation is the middle zone of Baikal, the territory of which falls within the boundaries of the National Park. Many tourist centers arise spontaneously and do not correspond to modern technologies of their organization and the requirements of the protection of Baikal. Practically, nowhere there are no treatment facilities. Only cesspools are used, from which drains drain into the ground and enter Baikal. Therefore, the issues of water disposal for this area are relevant. The paper proposes a new method for substantiating options for centralization of wastewater treatment, including optimization of the technology for transporting effluents to sewage treatment plants. With the help of this technique, the system of wastewater disposal from the territory of Olkhon Island and the coast of the “Small Sea” has been justified.