Optimization of the quantitative protocol for organic acid in fecal samples using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Abstract

Organic acids (OAs) play important roles in a variety of intracellular metabolic pathways, such as the tricarboxylic acid cycle, fatty acid oxidation, glycolysis. The accurate detection of OAs in fecal samples was crucial for comprehending the metabolic changes associated with various metabolic disease. However, the analytical protocol detecting OAs profiling in feces have received scant attention. In this work, an optimized protocol based on chromatography-mass spectrometry for simultaneous quantification of 23 OAs in rat feces was developed. The optimal conditions involved using a 40-mg fecal sample mixed with isopropyl alcohol, acetonitrile, and deionized water (3:2:2 vol ratio) with a total volume of 1500 μL, followed by ultrasonic extraction and a derivatization reaction with an 80 μL derivative agent. The protocol showed an acceptable linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9906), the satisfactory precision (RSD% ≤ 14.87%), the low limits of detection (0.001 to 1 μg/mL) and the limit of quantification (0.005 to 1.5 μg/mL). Moreover, the dried residues of the extracted solution showed the better stability of OAs at −20 °C, which was more suitable for a large-scale sample analysis. Finally, the developed protocol was successfully applied to compare the difference of OAs profiling in fecal samples harvested from normal and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease rats, which was beneficial to find out the metabolic change of OAs profiling and explain the related mechanism of the disease.