Optimization of the processes of sterilization and micropropagation of cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) from apical explants of seedlings in in vitro cultures

Magdalena Tomaszewska-Sowa,Anna Figas

doi:10.5586/aa.2011.041

Magdalena Tomaszewska-Sowa, Anna Figas

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.5586/aa.2011.041

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Abstract

Cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) is a tall, reaching up to 2.5 m, perennial plant that represents the Asteraceae family. Silphium perfoliatum L. can be applied in medicine, animal feeding, and as a decorative, honey-producing and energy production plant which proves its multi-functional features. Sowing material currently available in Poland is insufficient, which justifies the present attempts at propagating these plants in in vitro cultures. Therefore, Silphium perfoliatum L. seed sterilization and micropropagation processes were studied under controlled conditions in in vitro cultures. Among the tested methods, ACE proved to be the most effective for sterilization. The apical parts of seedlings were used as explants; they were placed onto MS media with growth regulators added. 4 growth regulator concentration variants were applied. The highest percentage of explants with lateral shoots (41.7%) and callus (90.3%) was obtained on MS medium with 5 mg x dm-3 BAP + 1 mg × dm-3 NAA added. Shoots were isolated and transferred onto MS rooting medium without growth regulators. The rooted plants were transferred to the greenhouse and acclimatised to ex vitro conditions.

Highlights

The genus Silphium of the family Asteraceae comprises about 23 species (Rutkowski, 1998)
Analyzing the results reported over the few weeks of culture, it can be observed that morphogenetic potential of cup plant apical explants depends on the ratio of the amount of auxin to cytokinin; the highest share of explants with lateral shoots (41.7%) and callus (90.3%) was recorded on MS medium with 5 mg × dm-3 BAP and 1 mg × dm-3 NAA
Numerous trials of sterilization indicate that the best method of obtaining sterile in vitro cultures is sterilization of isolated embryos of Silphium perfoliatum L. using ACE, which contains sodium hypochlorite as the active substance

Summary

Introduction

The genus Silphium of the family Asteraceae comprises about 23 species (Rutkowski , 1998). Extracts from tissues of this species demonstrate analgesic, anti-inflammatory, sudorific, restorative, antibacterial, antifungal, and expectorant properties as well as they reduce the cholesterol level (E l - Sayed et al 2002; Kowalski , 2002; Kowalski and Wolski , 2003a; Kowalski and Wolski , 2003b; Kowalski and Wierciński , 2004; Kowalski and Kędzia , 2007). This species is used as a fodder plant thanks to a high content of exogenous amino acids (Piłat et al 2007)

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