Optimization of the pattern of applied frequencies for Multifrequency EIT (MFEIT) of the head in order to minimize scalp skin stimulation

Abstract

MFEIT (Multi-Frequency Electrical Impedance Tomography) has the potential to provide a portable noninvasive neuroimaging method ideal for use in acute stroke. Skin perception has not previously occurred in MFEIT with injected frequencies above 2 kHz, but use in brain imaging requires applied current below 100Hz, which could stimulate cutaneous nerve endings. The purpose of this work was to find the most suitable current pattern that could be employed in MFEIT measurements in the adult head with the UCLH Mk2.5 system, which applies currents from 20 Hz-1.6 MHz. Single frequency current waveforms of 0.28 mA peak-to-peak at 20 Hz-80 Hz were applied to the forearms of three volunteers; although the skin was abraded, none of these was perceived, which agrees with similar studies in the literature. When full frequency pattern at 20 Hz-1.6 MHz was applied to the forearm or head in four healthy subjects, with the same current amplitude of 0.28 mA for each component, an unpleasant tingling sensation was perceived, due to summation of the applied currents. The sensation was reduced or abolished by attenuation or removal of frequencies below 100 Hz. We recommend a waveform with reduction to 50, 0, and 75% at 20, 40 and 80 Hz respectively, with a flat pattern above this up to 1.6 MHz. Future work will be to evaluate the clinical acceptability of this pattern during a planned study of MFEIT in acute stroke.