Abstract
The European Standard ISO 16122-2:2015 requires that the coefficient of variation for sprayed liquid fall should not exceed 10%. Field sprayers generate a stream of liquid sprayed at an angle that depends on the design of the nozzles. Among field boom sprayers, previous methods for selecting the shape of the opening of a single-slotted spray nozzle have been based on the following rectangular, triangular, normal, beta, and truncated normal distributions; distribution obtained from a nozzle with a stream in the form of an empty cone; and glued square functions. These methods, however, have provided a limited range of uniformity. Consequently, the initial assumption that the monotonicity of the function corresponds to the shape of a quarter of the symmetrical oval nozzle opening allows for a full computerized optimization of nozzle shape with a spray angle of α = 110° (or α = 120°). In this case, the spray uniformity parameter is controlled and freely declines almost to zero. In this study, based on the nonlinear shape obtained, we developed the shape of the nozzle outlet opening with a coefficient of variation of 0.388% using spline linear functions. Further applications of the symmetry of the developed model would allow for multiple modifications of the shape of this opening, and therefore, without changing the spray uniformity parameter, nozzles with slightly different characteristics could be obtained.
Highlights
For any determined spray angle α, the shape of a single nozzle stream at a vertical distance of h0 = 0.5 m from the boom is described by the curve as follows: G ( x, α) = ±0.5g1 ( x, α) for any x ∈ h−z0 ; z0 i
In Figure 4) the desired optimal cross-sectional shape G ( x, α) of a homogeneous stream emerging from a single nozzle is shown at a vertical distance of h0 = 0.5 m from the8 nozzle of 16
The processes of designing and manufacturing nozzles as well as modifying their position on the boom can significantly affect the quality of agricultural spraying and reduce the quantity of pesticides used in agricultural production, as well as affect environmental safety
Summary
Farmers have always looked for ways to facilitate their daily work. A sprayer is used on both conventional and organic farms and is one of the devices that has contributed to dynamic developments in agriculture, horticulture, and fruit harvesting. Maintaining a rich agricultural landscape, low consumption of plant protection products, and wellfunctioning control systems are considered to be a good basis for the systematic, sustainable development of rural environments
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