Abstract
This research was aimed at studying the potential of using residual lignin from acid hydrolysis as a binder in manufacturing eco-friendly, dry-process fibreboards. For that purpose, a modification of the adhesive system and hot-pressing regime was conducted. The adhesive system applied was composed of 2 % phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin and 10 % hydrolysis lignin (based on the dry fibres). The PF resin does not only act as a binder but generally contributes to the even distribution and good retention of the main binder – hydrolysis lignin. A specific hot-pressing cycle was used. In the first stage, the pressure was 1.0 MPa, followed by an increased pressure of 4.0 MPa, and subsequent cooling. The purpose of the initial lower pressure was softening the lignin and reduction of the material moisture content. The effect of the second stage of hot-pressing on the properties of eco-friendly fibreboards was investigated. It was determined that the fibreboards produced with 2 % PF resin and 10 % hydrolysis lignin have similar physical and mechanical properties to those of the control panels, produced with 10 % PF resin at a standard hot-pressing cycle. The findings of this work demonstrate that residual hydrolysis lignin can be effectively utilized as a binder in the production of eco-friendly, dry-process fibreboards with acceptable physical and mechanical properties.
Highlights
The development of the wood-based panel industry, related mainly to the mass introduction of continuous presses [1,2,3] and modification of the adhesive systems [4,5,6,7,8], led to the reduction of press factor from 10 ÷ 15 s∙mm-1 to 4÷8 s∙mm−1 [8, 9]
The panels from the E0 emission class are usually characterised by an increased production costs, the industrial and scientific interest is directed at sustainable production of wood-based panels having a close-to-zero formaldehyde content, reaching E0 and super E0 classes, i.e. formaldehyde emissions equivalent to the natural wood levels [19, 20]
4 Conclusions In the present study, it was found that hydrolysis lignin can be successfully used as a binder with very good performance in the production of eco-friendly dry-process fibreboards
Summary
The development of the wood-based panel industry, related mainly to the mass introduction of continuous presses [1,2,3] and modification of the adhesive systems [4,5,6,7,8], led to the reduction of press factor from 10 ÷ 15 s∙mm-1 to 4÷8 s∙mm−1 [8, 9]. This reflects in increased productivity of the plants and enlarged production quantities, which in 2019 reached 357.6547 million m3 [10]. The use of natural binders has another environmental effect, namely the utilization of residual natural resources from other industries [30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39]
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