Abstract
The Box-Behnken design was used to evaluate the effects of the methanol concentration (60–100%), liquid to solid ratio (20:1 to 40:1 mL/g) and extraction time (20–40 min) on the yield of 11 constituents from Buddleja officinalis Maxim using ultrasound-assisted extraction. The Derringer’s desirability function approach showed that the modified optimum extraction conditions were: 76% methanol concentration, 33 min extraction time and a 34:1 mL/g solvent to solid ratio. Under these conditions, the experimentally measured yields of the compounds were in good agreement with the predicted values. An accurate and sensitive method was also established using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection for the simultaneous determination of the 11 compounds in Buddleja officinalis. The newly developed method was used to determine the amounts of bioactive components in Buddleja officinalis during four different growth stages. According to these results, we recommend that the full blossom stage is the best time for harvesting this plant to obtain the highest yield of crude materials.
Highlights
Buddleja officinalis Maxim, a shrub in the family Loganiaceae, is distributed widely in the southwest and central regions of China
Recent research has shown that the main components of B. officinalis are flavonoids, phenethyl alcohol glycosides, and saponins [2,3,4,5], alkaloids and carotenoids are present in the plant
Linarin is the major flavone and an important bioactive constituent of this plant, and it was used as the index component of B. officinalis in the 2015 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopeia
Summary
Buddleja officinalis Maxim, a shrub in the family Loganiaceae, is distributed widely in the southwest and central regions of China. It was first recorded in “Kai Bao Ben Cao”, a one thousand year-old work on traditional Chinese medicines. Linarin is the major flavone and an important bioactive constituent of this plant, and it was used as the index component of B. officinalis in the 2015 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopeia. One or two chemical components, do not reflect the true efficacy of the herbal medicine and establishing a quality evaluation system for the multi-index constituents of Molecules 2017, 22, 1877; doi:10.3390/molecules22111877 www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules
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