Abstract
Corydalis yanhusuo W.T. Wang alkaloids are mainly divided into three categories: protoberberine, prototropine and aporphine alkaloids. Therefore, we have taken into account these three alkaloid contents when extracting and purifying crude drugs, which is essential for the quality control of C. yanhusuo and its derivative products. Herein, we investigated the feasibility of the Q-marker uniform design method in the optimization of the extraction and purification of C. yanhusuo. In this study, Q-marker-based comprehensive scoring (CS) and uniform design methods were used to optimize the extraction and purification of C. yanhusuo. The inspective factors included the solvent concentration, pH, liquid–solid ratio, extraction time and frequency. Then 8 Q-markers, the total alkaloid extraction and the extraction rate were considered as the evaluating indicators during the process. The results indicated that the optimal reflux extraction process of C. yanhusuo was as follows: a total amount of 20 times 70% ethanol (pH = 10 of diluted ammonia), heating and refluxing twice, and extracting each time for 60 min. The results of nine-resin screening exhibited that NKA-9 macroporous adsorption resin had the best separation and purification effect on 8 kinds of C. yanhusuo alkaloids with stronger enrichment. During the optimal enrichment process and elution conditions, the water-soluble impurities were washed off with 5 BV distilled water at a volume flow rate of 2 BV/h, and the elution solvent was 70% ethanol with an elution volume flow rate of 1.5 BV/h and an elution dosage of 12 BV. Additionally, the total alkaloids of the obtained product were over 50%, of which eight quality markers were (+)-corydaline 3.55%, tetrahydropalmatine 3.13%, coptisine 2.79%, palmatine hydrochloride 2.24%, dehydrocorydaline 13.11%, (R)-(+)-corypalmine 2.37%, protopine 2.71% and glaucine 14.03%. Our data demonstrated that the optimal extraction and purification process was stable and feasible, which was expected to provide an experimental basis and reference for the industrial production of C. yanhusuo.
Highlights
IntroductionCorydalis yanhusuo W.T. Wang is a species in the Corydalis genus, and its tuber has been used as a Traditional Chinese Medicine
We must consider the content of these three components during the processes of drug extraction and total alkali purification, which is significant for quality control of C. yanhusuo medicinal materials and their Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) products
The peaks in the chromatogram of the samples were basically consistent with the peaks in the chromatogram of the mixed references (Fig. 1a), which indicated that the eight components could be well separated from C. yanhusuo by UPLC
Summary
Corydalis yanhusuo W.T. Wang is a species in the Corydalis genus, and its tuber has been used as a Traditional Chinese Medicine. C. yanhusuo has a warm nature (Chinese medicine theory) and a pungent and bitter. Most relative references, which focused on the extraction and purification process of total alkaloids from C. yanhusuo, were based on the single component of tetrahydropalmatine or dehydrocorydaline and used total alkaloids as the process indicators [8]. The alkaloids in C. yanhusuo are mainly divided into three types: the original berberine alkaloids (tertiary amine fumarate, tetrahydropalmatine, corypalmine, quaternary ammonium berberine, dehydrocorydaline and palmatine hydrochloride), the original tropine alkaloids (protopine) and the aporphine alkaloids (d-glaucine, etc.). We must consider the content of these three components during the processes of drug extraction and total alkali purification, which is significant for quality control of C. yanhusuo medicinal materials and their Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) products
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